Gluteus Maximus
Introduction
The gluteus maximus is the largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles.
It makes up a the shape and appearance of the buttocks.
broad - thick - fleshy mass
quadrilateral shape
The fibers are directed obliquely downward and lateralward;
maintains the trunk in the erect posture.
Origin
Gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion
Gluteal tuberosity of the femur, iliotibial tract
Artery
superior and inferior gluteal arteries
Nerve
Iinferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2 nerve roots)
Action
External rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting
Antagonist: Iliacus, Psoas major, Psoas minor
Its most powerful action is to cause the body to regain the erect position after stooping, by drawing the pelvis backward,
The gluteus maximus is also a main muscle used in many sports such as volleyball, hockey, basketball, soccer, and football.
Bursae
Three bursae are usually found in relation with the deep surface of this muscle:
one bursa separates it from the greater trochanter;
a second - situated on the tuberosity of the ischium;
third is found between the tendon of the muscle and that of the vastus lateralis.
